Impact of an Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop System on Glycemic Control Throughout the Menstrual Cycle in Women with Type 1 Diabetes Prone to Hypoglycemia

Diabetes Technol Ther. 2024 Sep;26(9):667-672. doi: 10.1089/dia.2023.0571. Epub 2024 May 10.

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of advanced hybrid closed loop (AHCL) on glycemic control throughout the menstrual cycle (MC) in women with type 1 diabetes. We included 39 pairs of spontaneous MCs from 13 participants, before and after switching from sensor-augmented pump to AHCL. Baseline time below range <70 mg/dL (TBR <70) was significantly higher during the midfollicular phase than during late luteal phase (5.7% ± 5.0% vs. 4.1% ± 3.0%), but similar time in range 70-180 mg/dL (TIR) was observed throughout the MC. After switching to AHCL, a reduction in TBR <70 and an increase in TIR were observed in all phases. Phase-dependent changes in insulin infusion were detected and pre-existing differences in TBR <70 were eradicated (3.5% ± 3.2% vs. 3.0% ± 3.0%). However, TIR became significantly higher during the early follicular phase than during the late luteal phase (79.1% ± 9.3% vs. 74.5% ± 10.0%). In conclusion, AHCL improved glycemic control throughout the MC, but performance differed according to phase.

Keywords: Advanced hybrid closed loop; Menstrual cycle; Recurrent hypoglycemia; Type 1 diabetes.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring
  • Blood Glucose* / analysis
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / blood
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / drug therapy
  • Female
  • Glycemic Control* / methods
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemia* / prevention & control
  • Hypoglycemic Agents* / administration & dosage
  • Hypoglycemic Agents* / therapeutic use
  • Insulin Infusion Systems*
  • Insulin* / administration & dosage
  • Insulin* / therapeutic use
  • Menstrual Cycle* / physiology
  • Pancreas, Artificial
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Insulin