Comparative Studies of the Structural and Physicochemical Properties of the First Fullerene Derivative FD-C₆₀ (Fullerenol) and Second Fullerene Derivate SD-C₆₀ (3HFWC)

In order to maximally reduce the toxicity of fullerenol (the first derivative of C₆₀, FD-C₆₀), and increase its biomedical efficiency, the second derivative SD-C₆₀ (3HFWC, Hyper-Harmonized Hydroxylated Fullerene Water Complex) was created. Several different methods were applied in the comparative characterization of FD-C₆₀ and SD-C₆₀ with the same OH groups in their core. FD-C₆₀ as an individual structure was about 1.3 nm in size, while SD-C₆₀ as an individual structure was 10-30 nm in size. Based on ten physicochemical methods and techniques, FD-C₆₀ and SD-C₆₀ were found to be two different substances in terms of size, structure, and physicochemical properties; FD-C₆₀, at 100 °C, had endothermic characteristics, while SD-C₆₀, at 133 °C, had exothermic characteristics; FD-C₆₀ did not have water layers, while SD-C₆₀ had water layers; the zeta potential of FD-C₆₀ was -25.85 mV, while it was -43.29 mV for SD-C₆₀. SD-C₆₀ is a promising substance for use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.