Extending the dosing intervals of nivolumab: model-based simulations in unselected cancer patients

Br J Cancer. 2024 May;130(11):1866-1874. doi: 10.1038/s41416-024-02659-x. Epub 2024 Mar 26.

Abstract

Background: Reducing nivolumab dose intensity could increase patients' life quality and decrease the financial burden while maintaining efficacy. The aims of this study were to develop a population PK model of nivolumab based on data from unselected metastatic cancer patients and to simulate extended-interval regimens allowing to maintain minimal effective plasma concentrations (MEPC).

Methods: Concentration-time data (992 plasma nivolumab concentrations, 364 patients) were modeled using a two-compartment model with linear elimination clearance in Monolix software. Extended-interval regimens allowing to maintain steady-state trough concentrations (Cmin,ss) above the MEPC of 2.5 mg/L or 1.5 mg/L in >90% of patients were simulated.

Results: Increasing 3-times the dosing interval from 240 mg every two weeks (Q2W) to Q6W and 2-times from 480 mg Q4W to Q8W resulted in Cmin,ss above 2.5 mg/L in 95.8% and 95.4% of patients, respectively. 240 mg Q8W and 480 mg Q10W resulted in Cmin,ss above 1.5 mg/L in 91.0% and 91.8% of patients, respectively. Selection of a 240 mg Q6W regimen would decrease by 3-fold the annual treatment costs compared to standard regimen of 240 mg Q2W (from 78,744€ to 26,248€ in France).

Conclusions: Clinical trials are warranted to confirm the non-inferiority of extended-interval compared to standard regimen.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological / administration & dosage
  • Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological / pharmacokinetics
  • Computer Simulation
  • Drug Administration Schedule*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors / administration & dosage
  • Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors / pharmacokinetics
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Models, Biological
  • Neoplasms* / drug therapy
  • Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Nivolumab* / administration & dosage
  • Nivolumab* / pharmacokinetics

Substances

  • Nivolumab
  • Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological
  • Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors