Nucleic acid vaccines-based therapy for triple-negative breast cancer: A new paradigm in tumor immunotherapy arena

Raed Obaid Saleh; Fatma M Ibrahim; Harikumar Pallathadka; Irwanjot Kaur; Irfan Ahmad; Saad Hayif Jasim Ali; Ahmed Huseen Redhee; Pallavi Ghildiyal; Mohammed Abed Jawad; Salim B Alsaadi

doi:10.1002/cbf.3992

Nucleic acid vaccines-based therapy for triple-negative breast cancer: A new paradigm in tumor immunotherapy arena

Cell Biochem Funct. 2024 Apr;42(3):e3992. doi: 10.1002/cbf.3992.

Authors

Raed Obaid Saleh¹, Fatma M Ibrahim^{2

3}, Harikumar Pallathadka⁴, Irwanjot Kaur^{5

6}, Irfan Ahmad⁷, Saad Hayif Jasim Ali⁸, Ahmed Huseen Redhee^{9

10

11}, Pallavi Ghildiyal¹², Mohammed Abed Jawad¹³, Salim B Alsaadi¹⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq.
² Community Health Nursing, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE.
³ Geriatric Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
⁴ Manipur International University, Imphal, Manipur, India.
⁵ Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
⁶ Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
⁷ Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq.
⁹ Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.
¹⁰ Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq.
¹¹ Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq.
¹² Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
¹³ Department of Pharmaceutics, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
¹⁴ Department of Pharmaceutics, Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, Iraq.

PMID: 38551221
DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3992

Abstract

Nucleic acid vaccines (NAVs) have the potential to be economical, safe, and efficacious. Furthermore, just the chosen antigen in the pathogen is the target of the immune responses brought on by NAVs. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment shows great promise for nucleic acid-based vaccines, such as DNA (as plasmids) and RNA (as messenger RNA [mRNA]). Moreover, cancer vaccines offer a compelling approach that can elicit targeted and long-lasting immune responses against tumor antigens. Bacterial plasmids that encode antigens and immunostimulatory molecules serve as the foundation for DNA vaccines. In the 1990s, plasmid DNA encoding the influenza A nucleoprotein triggered a protective and targeted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, marking the first instance of DNA vaccine-mediated immunity. Similarly, in vitro transcribed mRNA was first successfully used in animals in 1990. At that point, mice were given an injection of the gene encoding the mRNA sequence, and the researchers saw the production of a protein. We begin this review by summarizing our existing knowledge of NAVs. Next, we addressed NAV delivery, emphasizing the need to increase efficacy in TNBC.

Keywords: breast cancer; immune cell; tumor; vaccine.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Animals
DNA
Humans
Immunotherapy
Mice
Nucleic Acid-Based Vaccines
RNA, Messenger / genetics
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms* / pathology
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms* / therapy
Vaccines, DNA*

Substances

Nucleic Acid-Based Vaccines
DNA
Vaccines, DNA
RNA, Messenger

Grants and funding

R.G.P.2/42/45/King Khalid University