Analysis of the Immune Response by Standardized Whole-Blood Stimulation with Metabolism Modulation

Jialin Zhao; Xuling Han; Helian Li; Yali Luo; Yan Fang; Yun Wang; Jian Gao; Yiran Zhao; Jingxuan Han; Feng Qian

doi:10.1007/s43657-023-00114-0

Analysis of the Immune Response by Standardized Whole-Blood Stimulation with Metabolism Modulation

Phenomics. 2023 Sep 12;4(1):81-89. doi: 10.1007/s43657-023-00114-0. eCollection 2024 Feb.

Authors

Jialin Zhao^{1

2}, Xuling Han^{1

2}, Helian Li^{1

2}, Yali Luo^{1

2}, Yan Fang¹, Yun Wang¹, Jian Gao^{1

2}, Yiran Zhao^{1

2}, Jingxuan Han^{1

2}, Feng Qian^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China.
² Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China.
³ Institute of Immunophenome, International Human Phenome Institutes (Shanghai), Shanghai, 200433 China.

PMID: 38605904
PMCID: PMC11003932 (available on 2025-02-01)
DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00114-0

Abstract

The immune system defends the body from infection and plays a vital role in a wide range of health conditions. Metabolism affects a series of physiological processes, including those linked to the function of human immune system. Cellular metabolism modulates immune cell activation and cytokine production. Understanding the relationship between metabolism and immune response has important implications for the development of immune-based therapeutics. However, the deployment of large-scale functional assays to investigate the metabolic regulation of immune response has been limited by the lack of standardized procedures. Here, we present a protocol for the analysis of immune response using standardized whole-blood stimulation with metabolism modulation. Diverse immune stimuli including pattern recognition receptor (PRR) ligands and microbial stimuli were incubated with fresh human whole blood. The metabolic inhibitors were used to modulate metabolic status in the immune cells. The variable immune responses after metabolic interventions were evaluated. We described in detail the main steps involved in the whole-blood stimulation and cytokines quantification, namely, collection and treatment of whole blood, preparation of samples and controls, cytokines detection, and stimulation with metabolic interventions. The metabolic inhibitors for anabolic pathways and catabolic pathways exert selective effects on the production of cytokines from immune cells. In addition to a robust and accurate assessment of immune response in cohort studies, the standardized whole-blood stimulation with metabolic regulation might provide new insights for modulating immunity.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-023-00114-0.

Keywords: Cytokines; Immune response; Immunometabolism; Whole blood stimulation.

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