Management of Cardiovascular Diseases by Short-Chain Fatty Acid Postbiotics

Curr Nutr Rep. 2024 Jun;13(2):294-313. doi: 10.1007/s13668-024-00531-1. Epub 2024 Apr 24.

Abstract

Purpose of review: Global health concerns persist in the realm of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), necessitating innovative strategies for both prevention and treatment. This narrative review aims to explore the potential of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-namely, acetate, propionate, and butyrate-as agents in the realm of postbiotics for the management of CVDs.

Recent findings: We commence our discussion by elucidating the concept of postbiotics and their pivotal significance in mitigating various aspects of cardiovascular diseases. This review centers on a comprehensive examination of diverse SCFAs and their associated receptors, notably GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109a. In addition, we delve into the intricate cellular and pharmacological mechanisms through which these receptors operate, providing insights into their specific roles in managing cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and stroke. The integration of current information in our analysis highlights the potential of both SCFAs and their receptors as a promising path for innovative therapeutic approaches in the field of cardiovascular health. The idea of postbiotics arises as an optimistic and inventive method, presenting new opportunities for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords: Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular diseases; Heart failure; Hypertension; Postbiotics; Short-chain fatty acids.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Butyrates
  • Cardiovascular Diseases*
  • Fatty Acids, Volatile* / metabolism
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Propionates
  • Receptors, Cell Surface
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled* / metabolism

Substances

  • Fatty Acids, Volatile
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
  • HCAR2 protein, human
  • Propionates
  • FFAR3 protein, human
  • FFA2R protein, human
  • Butyrates
  • Receptors, Cell Surface