Extraction and characterization of a new natural cellulosic fiber from the Habara Plant Stem (HF) as potential reinforcement for polymer composites

In this present work, characterize the chemical, physical, thermal and Morphological behaviour of raw and alkali-treated (NaOH 5 %,10 % & 15 %) new natural cellulose Habara plant stem fiber (HF). From the chemical analysis, the 10 % alkali-treated HF obtained cellulose (67.9 %), hemicellulose (12.7 %), lignin (11.8 %) wax (0.18 %), moisture (2.44 %) and Ash (1.21 %). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis, alkali treatment effectively eliminates hemicellulose and lignin from the surfaces of natural fiber, as seen changes in the FTIR peaks at 1730, 1480, and 1140 cm^-1.The X-ray analysis results indicate that, there is crystalline cellulose present, with a crystallinity level of 43.87 %, and that the other components are amorphous. In addition, the thermal stability of lignocellulosic fiber up to 230 °C was observed, and the degradation steps of each major component could be identified. The 10 % alkali-treated HF provides tensile strength of 790.9 MPa, with an elongation at break of about 3.41 %. The Scanning Electron Microscope analysis showcased the morphological changes on the fiber fractured surface, diameter variation, and impurities, etc. The Atomic Force Microscopy was used to determine the surface roughness characteristics of the HF, which confirmed the possible reinforcement in the structure of the polymer matrix composite structure.