3D facial approximation and endocast analysis of the Mummy of Minirdis (Ancient Egypt, ca. 2,300 Before Present)

C Moraes; E Varotto; M Artico; F M Galassi; F Forte; M E Habicht

doi:10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100781

3D facial approximation and endocast analysis of the Mummy of Minirdis (Ancient Egypt, ca. 2,300 Before Present)

Morphologie. 2024 Sep;108(362):100781. doi: 10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100781. Epub 2024 Apr 26.

Authors

C Moraes¹, E Varotto², M Artico³, F M Galassi⁴, F Forte⁵, M E Habicht²

Affiliations

¹ Arc-Team Brazil, Sinop-MT, Brazil.
² College of Humanities, Art and Social Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
³ Department of Sensory Organs, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
⁴ Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: [email protected].
⁵ Science Department, School of Pharmacy, Roma TRE University, Rome Italy & Urology Department, MG Vannini Hospital, Rome, Italy.

PMID: 38677263
DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2024.100781

Abstract

The present article offers the facial approximation of the mummy of the ancient Egyptian adolescent named Minirdis (ca. 2300 years BP) by means of anatomical analysis of video-images and through a facial approximation protocol implemented on more historical personages. An evaluation of the mummy's endocast is also offered. A potential diagnosis of Sotos syndrome is cautiously considered but its inherent limitations are detailed. Finally, the methodology is presented as a valuable tool both for bio-historical research and for further studies on normal and pathologic morphologies of the cranio-facial district.

Keywords: Facial approximation; History of anatomy; Mummy; Neuroanatomy; Skull.

Publication types

Historical Article

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Egypt
Egypt, Ancient
Face* / anatomy & histology
History, Ancient
Humans
Imaging, Three-Dimensional* / methods
Mummies* / history