1 Center for Outcomes Research and Economic Evaluation for Health, National Institute of Public Health, Wako-shi, Japan.
2 Department of Food and Health, Faculty of Health and Human Development, University of Nagano, Nagano, Japan.
3 Department of Social Science, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.
4 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Japan.