Modification of the chemical composition and the natural durability of Avicennia germinans mangrove tree of the estuary region of Gabon exposed to marine hydrocarbons pollution

Mangroves is an ecosystem which plays an economical role in Gabon for its watercourses where are used for fishing and marine traffic or as little bin for garbage and waste water disposal. These bad practices destroy that fragile ecosystem, perturbing like this carbon sequestration and biodiversity protection. Hence, the impact of the anthropogenic pollution stress of fishing engine oils so called hydrocarbons pollution on the chemical, microstructure and natural durability of Avicennia. germinans (L.)L. from Ambowé mangrove of the Estuary region of Gabon was studied. The results were compared with samples from Oveng and Mamboumba, two unpolluted sites of Libreville. Dichloromethane and hexane soluble extractives content decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the polluted heartwoods, 5 ± 0,007 % et 2.11 ± 0,2 %, respectively. Confocal microscopy revealed for the first time the occurrence of rays and vessels opening in the polluted heartwood which could explain the loss of some extractives. That loss of extractives was supported by UV where a dramatic decrease of extractives was observed in the heartwood exposed to pollutants while no changes occurred in lignin. These changes on extractives content and wood microstructures would explain the high mass loss of the polluted heartwood exposed to Trametes versicolor (35.69 ± 6.27 %) and Rhodonia placenta (11.65 ± 6.62 %), these rot fungi provoked only mass losses <10 and 5 %, respectively for the unpolluted heartwoods.