Online Nucleotide Mapping of mRNAs

Anal Chem. 2024 May 28;96(21):8674-8681. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00873. Epub 2024 May 7.

Abstract

Messenger RNA (mRNA) can be sequenced via indirect approaches such as Sanger sequencing and next generation sequencing (NGS), or direct approaches like bottom-up mass spectrometry (MS). Direct sequencing allows the confirmation of RNA modifications. However, the conventional bottom-up MS approach involves time-consuming in-solution digestions that require a large amount of sample, and can lead to the RNase contamination of the LC-MS system and column. Here, we describe a platform that enables online nucleotide mapping of mRNAs via the use of immobilized RNase cartridges and 2D-LC-MS instrumentation. The online approach was compared to conventional offline digestion protocols adapted from two published studies. For this purpose, five model mRNAs of varying lengths (996-4521 nucleotides) and chemistries (unmodified uridine vs 5-methoxyuridine (5moU)) were analyzed. The profiles and sequence coverages obtained after RNase T1 digestion were discussed. The online nucleotide mapping achieved comparable or slightly greater sequence coverage for the 5 mRNAs (5.8-51.5%) in comparison to offline approaches (3.7-50.4%). The sequence coverage was increased to 65.6-85.6 and 69.7-85.0% when accounting for the presence of nonunique digestion products generated by the RNase T1 and A, respectively. The online nucleotide mapping significantly reduced the digestion time (from 15 to <5 min), increased the signal intensity by more than 10-fold in comparison to offline approaches.

MeSH terms

  • Chromatography, Liquid
  • Humans
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Nucleotide Mapping / methods
  • RNA, Messenger* / analysis
  • RNA, Messenger* / genetics
  • Ribonuclease T1 / metabolism
  • Uridine / analogs & derivatives
  • Uridine / chemistry

Substances

  • RNA, Messenger
  • Uridine
  • Ribonuclease T1