MICAL-L2, as an estrogen-responsive gene, is involved in ER-positive breast cancer cell progression and tamoxifen sensitivity via the AKT/mTOR pathway

Biochem Pharmacol. 2024 Jul:225:116256. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116256. Epub 2024 May 9.

Abstract

Endocrine treatment, particularly tamoxifen, has shown significant improvement in the prognosis of patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive) breast cancer. However, the clinical utility of this treatment is often hindered by the development of endocrine resistance. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving ER-positive breast cancer carcinogenesis and endocrine resistance is crucial to overcome this clinical challenge. In this study, we investigated the expression of MICAL-L2 in ER-positive breast cancer and its impact on patient prognosis. We observed a significant upregulation of MICAL-L2 expression in ER-positive breast cancer, which correlated with a poorer prognosis in these patients. Furthermore, we found that estrogen-ERβ signaling promoted the expression of MICAL-L2. Functionally, our study demonstrated that MICAL-L2 not only played an oncogenic role in ER-positive breast cancer tumorigenesis but also influenced the sensitivity of ER-positive breast cancer cells to tamoxifen. Mechanistically, as an estrogen-responsive gene, MICAL-L2 facilitated the activation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in ER-positive breast cancer cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that MICAL-L2 could serve as a potential prognostic marker for ER-positive breast cancer and represent a promising molecular target for improving endocrine treatment and developing therapeutic approaches for this subtype of breast cancer.

Keywords: Breast cancer; Endocrine therapy; Estrogen receptor; MICAL-L2; Tamoxifen.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal* / pharmacology
  • Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal* / therapeutic use
  • Breast Neoplasms* / drug therapy
  • Breast Neoplasms* / genetics
  • Breast Neoplasms* / metabolism
  • Breast Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Disease Progression
  • Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / drug effects
  • Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / physiology
  • Estrogens / metabolism
  • Estrogens / pharmacology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • MCF-7 Cells
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mice, Nude
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt* / genetics
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt* / metabolism
  • Receptors, Estrogen / genetics
  • Receptors, Estrogen / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction* / drug effects
  • Signal Transduction* / physiology
  • TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases* / genetics
  • TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases* / metabolism
  • Tamoxifen* / pharmacology
  • Tamoxifen* / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Tamoxifen
  • TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
  • MTOR protein, human
  • Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal
  • Estrogens
  • Receptors, Estrogen