Three- and five-year outcomes of an inception cohort of Australian children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Int J Rheum Dis. 2024 May;27(5):e15189. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.15189.

Abstract

Background: To describe the 3- and 5-year outcomes of an inception cohort of Australian children with JIA for whom 1-year outcomes have previously been published.

Methods: Data regarding clinical outcomes of the original cohort of 134 patients at 3 and 5 years were sought. Relevant clinical features and medication exposures entered prospectively into an electronic record were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results: Data were available for 110 and 98 patients at 3 and 5 years, respectively. The proportion of patients with active joints progressively decreased from 34% at 12 months to 21% at 3 years and 16% at 5 years. Cumulative exposure to methotrexate increased between 3 and 5 years (75%-80%), however, point prevalence use decreased (45%-41%). Cumulative exposure and point prevalence use of bDMARDS both increased between 3 and 5 years; 30%-42% and 29%-33%, respectively. Thirty-five percent of patients had inactive joint disease off medications at 5 years, which occurred most frequently in patients with sJIA and oligoarthritis.

Conclusion: Five-year outcomes of Australian children with JIA are good, with only a small minority having ongoing active joint disease at 5 years. bDMARDS play an increasing role in management over time; however, methotrexate use remains significant. A majority of children remain on medications at 5 years.

Keywords: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis; cohort; outcomes.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Antirheumatic Agents* / adverse effects
  • Antirheumatic Agents* / therapeutic use
  • Arthritis, Juvenile* / diagnosis
  • Arthritis, Juvenile* / drug therapy
  • Arthritis, Juvenile* / epidemiology
  • Australia / epidemiology
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Disease Progression
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Methotrexate* / therapeutic use
  • Prospective Studies
  • Remission Induction
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome