Context: Small cohorts of youth with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) demonstrate increased risk of obesity and poor cardiometabolic health.
Objective: To determine the odds of cardiometabolic-related diagnoses in youth with CAH compared to matched controls in a cross-sectional analysis in a large, multisite database (PEDSnet).
Design: Electronic health record data (2009-2019) were used to determine odds of cardiometabolic-related outcomes based on diagnosis, anthropometric and laboratory data using logistic regression among youth with CAH vs. controls.
Setting: Six PEDSnet sites.
Patients or other participants: Youth with CAH and >1 outpatient visit in PEDSnet (n=1,647) were propensity-score matched on 8 variables to controls (n=6,588). A subset of youth with classic CAH (n=547, with glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid prescriptions) were matched to controls (n=2,188).
Intervention(s): N/A.
Main outcome measure(s): Odds of having cardiometabolic-related diagnoses among youth over 2 years with CAH compared to matched controls.
Results: Outcomes were calculated for all individuals with CAH (median age at last visit 12.9 years [7.3, 17.6]) and a subset with classic CAH (median age at last visit 11.6 years [4.7, 17.5]) compared to their matched controls. All patients with CAH had higher odds of overweight/obesity (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 3.63 [3.24,4.07]), hypertension (3.07 [2.60,3.64]), dysglycemia (1.95 [1.35,2.82], dyslipidemia (2.28 [1.79,2.91]) and liver dysfunction (2.30 [1.91,2.76]) compared to matched controls. Patients with classic CAH had higher odds of overweight/obesity (3.21 [2.61,3.93]), hypertension (8.22 [6.71,10.08]), and liver dysfunction (2.11 [1.55,2.89]) compared to matched controls.
Conclusions: Overall, youth with CAH are at increased risk of diagnoses related to worse cardiometabolic health.
Keywords: cardiometabolic; congenital adrenal hyperplasia; hypertension; obesity; overweight.
© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected] for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact [email protected].