JNK signaling and its impact on neural cell maturation and differentiation

Life Sci. 2024 Aug 1:350:122750. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122750. Epub 2024 May 25.

Abstract

C-Jun-N-terminal-kinases (JNKs), members of the mitogen-activated-protein-kinase family, are significantly linked with neurological and neurodegenerative pathologies and cancer progression. However, JNKs serve key roles under physiological conditions, particularly within the central-nervous-system (CNS), where they are critical in governing neural proliferation and differentiation during both embryogenesis and adult stages. These processes control the development of CNS, avoiding neurodevelopment disorders. JNK are key to maintain the proper activity of neural-stem-cells (NSC) and neural-progenitors (NPC) that exist in adults, which keep the convenient brain plasticity and homeostasis. This review underscores how the interaction of JNK with upstream and downstream molecules acts as a regulatory mechanism to manage the self-renewal capacity and differentiation of NSC/NPC during CNS development and in adult neurogenic niches. Evidence suggests that JNK is reliant on non-canonical Wnt components, Fbw7-ubiquitin-ligase, and WDR62-scaffold-protein, regulating substrates such as transcription factors and cytoskeletal proteins. Therefore, understanding which pathways and molecules interact with JNK will bring knowledge on how JNK activation orchestrates neuronal processes that occur in CNS development and brain disorders.

Keywords: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis; JNK isoforms, Wnt/JNK pathway; JNK signaling; WDR62/JNK pathway, neural cell differentiation and proliferation.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Differentiation* / physiology
  • Humans
  • JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
  • MAP Kinase Signaling System / physiology
  • Neural Stem Cells* / cytology
  • Neural Stem Cells* / metabolism
  • Neurogenesis* / physiology
  • Neurons / cytology
  • Neurons / metabolism

Substances

  • JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases