Liver and pancreatic-targeted interleukin-22 as a therapeutic for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis

Nat Commun. 2024 May 29;15(1):4528. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48317-x.

Abstract

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is the most prevalent cause of liver disease worldwide, with a single approved therapeutic. Previous research has shown that interleukin-22 (IL-22) can suppress β-cell stress, reduce local islet inflammation, restore appropriate insulin production, reverse hyperglycemia, and ameliorate insulin resistance in preclinical models of diabetes. In clinical trials long-acting forms of IL-22 have led to increased proliferation in the skin and intestine, where the IL-22RA1 receptor is highly expressed. To maximise beneficial effects whilst reducing the risk of epithelial proliferation and cancer, we designed short-acting IL-22-bispecific biologic drugs that successfully targeted the liver and pancreas. Here we show 10-fold lower doses of these bispecific biologics exceed the beneficial effects of native IL-22 in multiple preclinical models of MASH, without off-target effects. Treatment restores glycemic control, markedly reduces hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrogenesis. These short-acting IL-22-bispecific targeted biologics are a promising new therapeutic approach for MASH.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Fatty Liver* / drug therapy
  • Fatty Liver* / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Insulin Resistance
  • Interleukin-22*
  • Interleukins* / metabolism
  • Liver* / drug effects
  • Liver* / metabolism
  • Liver* / pathology
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Pancreas* / drug effects
  • Pancreas* / metabolism
  • Pancreas* / pathology
  • Receptors, Interleukin / metabolism

Substances

  • Interleukin-22
  • Interleukins
  • interleukin-22 receptor
  • Receptors, Interleukin