Deep phenotyping of nodal T-cell lymphomas reveals immune alterations and therapeutic targets

Haematologica. 2025 Jan 1;110(1):129-141. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2023.284448.

Abstract

Whereas immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of different solid and hematologic cancers, their efficacy in nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) is limited, due to a lack of understanding of the immune response they trigger. To fully characterize the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) of PTCL, we performed spectral flow cytometry analyses on 11 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas (AITL), 7 PTCL, not otherwise specified (PTCL, NOS) lymph node samples, and 10 non-tumoral control samples. The PTCL TME contained a larger proportion of regulatory T cells and exhausted CD8+ T cells, with enriched expression of druggable immune checkpoints. Interestingly, CD39 expression was up-regulated at the surface of most immune cells, and a multi-immunofluorescence analysis on a retrospective cohort of 43 AITL patients demonstrated a significant association between high CD39 expression by T cells and poor patient prognosis. Together, our study unravels the complex TME of nodal PTCL, identifies targetable immune checkpoints, and highlights CD39 as a novel prognostic factor.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Antigens, CD / genetics
  • Antigens, CD / metabolism
  • Apyrase / genetics
  • Apyrase / metabolism
  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunophenotyping
  • Lymph Nodes / immunology
  • Lymph Nodes / pathology
  • Lymphoma, T-Cell / genetics
  • Lymphoma, T-Cell / immunology
  • Lymphoma, T-Cell / metabolism
  • Lymphoma, T-Cell / pathology
  • Lymphoma, T-Cell / therapy
  • Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral / genetics
  • Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral / immunology
  • Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral / pathology
  • Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral / therapy
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology
  • T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / metabolism
  • Tumor Microenvironment* / immunology

Substances

  • Apyrase
  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • ENTPD1 protein, human
  • Antigens, CD

Grants and funding

Funding: This project was funded by grants from la Ligue contre le Cancer, the ATIP-Avenir funds, and the Laboratory of Excellence (LabEx) Dev2Can (ANR-10-LABX-0061), to YGB. PS was supported by a scholarship from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM). AV was supported by a fellowship from the Association pour la Recherche contre le Cancer (ARC) Foundation.