Effect of pentoxifylline on endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in STEMI patients

Future Sci OA. 2024 May 15;10(1):FSO967. doi: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0266. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Aim: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients suffer higher mortality and adverse outcomes linked to endothelial dysfunction (ED). Methods: 43 patients were randomized to pentoxifylline (PTX) 400 mg thrice daily (n = 22) or placebo (n = 21). Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, malondialdehyde, interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were assessed at baseline and 2 months. Results: After 2 months, no significant difference was observed in markers' levels between the 2 groups. However, a within-group comparison revealed a statistically significant change in hs-CRP in the PTX group (10.057 (9.779-10.331) versus 9.721 (6.102-10.191)), p = 0.032. Conclusion: PTX for 2 months in STEMI patients was safe and well-tolerated but had no significant detectable effect on ED, oxidative stress or inflammatory markers. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04367935 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

Keywords: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; acute coronary syndrome; endothelial dysfunction; inflammation; malondialdehyde; oxidative stress; pentoxifylline; soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.

Plain language summary

This study examined the effect and the safety of a drug called pentoxifylline in patients who have recently had a heart attack. Pentoxifylline can possibly reduce inflammation and is used for patients with blood flow issues. The study involved 43 participants, 22 receiving pentoxifylline and 21 receiving a placebo for 2 months. We measured different markers related to inflammation and heart health before and after. Overall, there was no significant difference between the groups, but patients who received pentoxifylline experienced less inflammation according to only one of the markers measured. This study concluded that the prescription of pentoxifylline after a heart attack is safe, well-tolerated and without notable side effects. Still, we recommend larger and longer studies to be sure of its effect.

Associated data

  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT04367935

Grants and funding

This paper is based upon work supported by Science, Technology, and Innovation Funding Authority (STDF), Cairo, Egypt under the Post-Graduate Support Grant-1 Program (PGSG-1), Project ID 44781.