Cell viability imaging in tumor spheroids via DNA binding of a ruthenium(II) light-switch complex

Chem Commun (Camb). 2024 Jun 13;60(49):6308-6311. doi: 10.1039/d4cc01425a.

Abstract

The famous ''light-switch'' ruthenium complex [Ru(bpy)2(dppz)](PF6)2 (1) has been long known for its DNA binding properties in vitro. However, the biological utility of this compound has been hampered by its poor cellular uptake in living cells. Here we report a bioimaging application of 1 as cell viability probe in both 2D cells monolayer and 3D multi-cellular tumor spheroids of various human cancer cell lines (U87, HepG2, A549). When compared to propidium iodide, a routinely used cell viability probe, 1 was found to enhance the staining of dead cells in particular in tumor spheroids. 1 has high photostability, longer Stokes shift, and displays lower cytotoxicity compared to propidium iodide, which is a known carcinogenic. Finally, 1 was also found to displace the classical DNA binding dye Hoechst in dead cells, which makes it a promising dye for time-dependent imaging of dead cells in cell cultures, including multi-cellular tumor spheroids.

MeSH terms

  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Survival* / drug effects
  • Coordination Complexes* / chemical synthesis
  • Coordination Complexes* / chemistry
  • Coordination Complexes* / pharmacology
  • DNA* / chemistry
  • Fluorescent Dyes / chemical synthesis
  • Fluorescent Dyes / chemistry
  • Humans
  • Light
  • Optical Imaging
  • Organometallic Compounds / chemistry
  • Organometallic Compounds / pharmacology
  • Ruthenium* / chemistry
  • Spheroids, Cellular* / metabolism

Substances

  • Ruthenium
  • DNA
  • Coordination Complexes
  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • Organometallic Compounds