A Comparison of Presentation, Treatment, and Survival After Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Viral and Non-Viral Etiology in Damietta, Egypt, 2007-2019

Kévin Jean; Ahmed Tawheed; Liem Binh Luong Nguyen; Tarek Heikal; Usama Eldaly; Neveen Gaber Elhadidy; Ahmed Elghaieb; Ahmed Aboudonia; Laura Tondeur; Amélie Dublineau; Arnaud Fontanet; Mohamed El-Kassas

doi:10.2147/JHC.S455832

A Comparison of Presentation, Treatment, and Survival After Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Viral and Non-Viral Etiology in Damietta, Egypt, 2007-2019

J Hepatocell Carcinoma. 2024 May 31:11:997-1004. doi: 10.2147/JHC.S455832. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Kévin Jean^{1

2

3}, Ahmed Tawheed⁴, Liem Binh Luong Nguyen⁵, Tarek Heikal⁶, Usama Eldaly⁶, Neveen Gaber Elhadidy⁷, Ahmed Elghaieb⁸, Ahmed Aboudonia⁸, Laura Tondeur⁵, Amélie Dublineau⁵, Arnaud Fontanet^{2

5}, Mohamed El-Kassas^{4

9}

Affiliations

¹ Laboratoire MESuRS, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Paris, France.
² Unité PACRI, Institut Pasteur & Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Paris, France.
³ IBENS, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris Science & Lettres, Paris, France.
⁴ Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
⁵ Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France.
⁶ Medical Oncology Department, Damietta Oncology Center, Damietta, Egypt.
⁷ Pharmaceutical Services Department, Damietta Oncology Center, Damietta, Egypt.
⁸ Radiology Department, Damietta Oncology Center, Damietta, Egypt.
⁹ Clinical Research Centre, Air Force Specialized Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

Context: The difference in prognosis between patients diagnosed with viral versus non-viral hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Egypt remains unclear.

Methods: We used data from patients diagnosed with HCC between 2007 and 2019 from a large monocentric retrospective cohort at the Damietta Oncology referral center (northern Egypt). Presentation and treatment were compared between viral versus non-viral etiology HCC patients. Survival was compared relying on univariate and multivariate Cox regressions.

Results: Data from 4714 HCC patients were analyzed. Among them, 204 (4.3%) presented with a non-viral etiology. Patients with non-viral versus viral etiology had a similar presentation overall, especially regarding the BCLC stage at HCC diagnosis. After controlling for various individual characteristics, patients with non-viral versus viral etiology had poorer survival (adjusted Hazard Ratio: 1.244; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.069-1.447).

Conclusion: Despite similar features, patients with non-viral- related HCC had poorer survival compared to patients with viral-related HCC.

Keywords: epidemiology; hepatocellular carcinoma; liver cancer; non-viral etiology; survival; viral etiology.

Grants and funding

This research has been funded by the Pasteur Foundation US. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the article.