Interpretation of Blood Clotting Studies and Values (PT, PTT, aPTT, INR, Anti-Factor Xa, D-Dimer)

Blood clotting studies play a crucial role in assessing the coagulation status of an individual, providing valuable insights into their risk of bleeding or thrombosis. Five commonly used tests for evaluating blood clotting are prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), international normalized ratio (INR), and anti-factor Xa levels. Interpreting the results of these tests requires a comprehensive understanding of the normal and abnormal values associated with each.