Reconstructive breast implant-related infections: Prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and pearls of wisdom

J Infect. 2024 Aug;89(2):106197. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106197. Epub 2024 Jun 13.

Abstract

Implant-based reconstructions are increasingly utilized following mastectomy in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. However, these implants are associated with a high rate of infection, which is a major complication that can lead to implant removal, delay in adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy, and increase in health care costs. Early clinical signs and symptoms of infection, such as erythema, warmth, and tenderness, are challenging to discern from expected postsurgical responses. Furthermore, when atypical features are present or the patient's condition does not improve on adequate antimicrobials, the clinician should be prompted to consider an alternative noninfectious etiology. Herein we highlight the key elements of the preventive, diagnostic, and multidisciplinary therapeutic approach to salvaging the infected breast implant; review several infectious disease mimickers; and provide many pearls of wisdom that the practicing clinician must be familiar with and be able to manage in an effective and successful manner.

Keywords: Breast implant infection; Diagnosis; Mimickers; Treatment.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Breast Implantation / adverse effects
  • Breast Implants* / adverse effects
  • Breast Neoplasms / surgery
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Mammaplasty / adverse effects
  • Mastectomy
  • Prosthesis-Related Infections* / diagnosis
  • Prosthesis-Related Infections* / prevention & control
  • Prosthesis-Related Infections* / therapy

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents