Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is an infectious disease that most often affects the lungs. China is still among the high-burden tuberculosis countries in the world. Although the estimated incidence of tuberculosis in China has declined in recent years, the declining rate is slow. It still faces major issues such as a slower rate of decline, a widening gap between estimated and notified incidence, higher risk among middle-aged and older adults, a high number of cases among agriculture and related workers, and a heavier disease burden in the country's western regions. In addition, latent tuberculosis infection, drug-resistant tuberculosis, tuberculosis coinfection with HIV, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis have also exacerbated the disease burden of tuberculosis to some extent. This paper reviewed the epidemic characteristics of tuberculosis, the epidemiological triad, three links and two factors in the transmission process, the disease burden, and other aspects to provide a reference for formulating prevention and control strategies on tuberculosis.
结核病是由结核分枝杆菌引起的传染病，以肺结核为主要形式。中国是全球结核病高负担国家之一。近年中国结核病估算发病率虽持续降低，但下降速度较为缓慢。结核病防治工作仍面临着估算发病数与报告发病数之间的差距增大、中老年人群发病率高、农牧民发病例数多、西部地区疾病负担较重等问题。此外，结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染、耐药结核病、结核分枝杆菌合并HIV感染、肺外结核等也在一定程度上加剧了结核病的疾病负担。本文对结核病流行现状、三环节两因素、疾病负担等方面进行综述，为结核病防控对策的制定提供参考。.