Antileishmanial and Antifungal Activities of Volatile Oils from Cinnamomum Cassia Bark and Schinus Molle Leaves

Chem Biodivers. 2024 Sep;21(9):e202401076. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202401076. Epub 2024 Aug 8.

Abstract

This study reports on the chemical composition and antileishmanial and anticandidal activities of volatile oils (VOs) of Schinus molle dried leaves (SM), Cinnamomum cassia branch bark (CC) and their blends. Major constituents of SM were spathulenol (26.93 %), β-caryophyllene (19.90 %), and caryophyllene oxide (12.69 %), whereas (E)-cinnamaldehyde (60.11 %), cinnamyl acetate (20.90 %) and cis-2-methoxycinnamic acid (10.37 %) were predominant in CC. SM (IC50=21.45 μg/mL) and CC (IC50=23.27 μg/mL) displayed good activity against L. amazonensis promastigotes, besides having good or moderate activity against nine Candida strains, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values ranging from 31.25 to 250 μg/mL. While the three SM and CC blends were not more active than the VOs tested individually, they exhibited remarkably high antileishmanial activity, with IC50 values ranging between 3.12 and 7.04 μg/mL, which is very similar to the IC50 of amphotericin B (positive control).

Keywords: American pepper tree; Leishmania amazonensis; candidiasis; natural active ingredients; spices volatile oil blends.

MeSH terms

  • Anacardiaceae* / chemistry
  • Animals
  • Antifungal Agents* / chemistry
  • Antifungal Agents* / isolation & purification
  • Antifungal Agents* / pharmacology
  • Antiprotozoal Agents* / chemistry
  • Antiprotozoal Agents* / isolation & purification
  • Antiprotozoal Agents* / pharmacology
  • Candida / drug effects
  • Cinnamomum aromaticum* / chemistry
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Leishmania / drug effects
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests*
  • Oils, Volatile* / chemistry
  • Oils, Volatile* / isolation & purification
  • Oils, Volatile* / pharmacology
  • Parasitic Sensitivity Tests
  • Plant Bark* / chemistry
  • Plant Leaves* / chemistry
  • Schinus
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Antifungal Agents
  • Oils, Volatile
  • Antiprotozoal Agents