Germ Cell Tumor of the Testis: Lethal Subtypes of a Curable Cancer

J Clin Med. 2024 Jun 12;13(12):3436. doi: 10.3390/jcm13123436.

Abstract

Germ cell tumor of the testis (GCT) is a curable cancer even when it is widely metastatic; however, outcomes can differ based on tumor histology. Chemo-resistance in certain phenotypes, such as teratoma and yolk sac tumor, contributes to poor clinical outcomes in some patients with GCT. Despite this resistance to S-YSTemic therapy, many of these tumor subtypes remain amenable to surgical resection and possible cure. In this study, we report on a series of seven patients highlighting two chemo-resistant subtypes of nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT), sarcomatoid yolk sac tumor (S-YST), and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) for which early resection rather than additional salvage chemotherapy or high-dose intense chemotherapy might provide a superior clinical outcome and enhance cure rate.

Keywords: drug resistance; epithelioid trophoblastic tumor; intratumoral heterogeneity; sarcomatoid yolk sac tumor; somatic transformation; testicular cancer; therapy development.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

Grants and funding

The publication fee was supported by donation from Harendra Mankodi and Jim B. Norton, M.D.