SPIKENET: An Evidence-Based Therapy for Long COVID

Viruses. 2024 May 24;16(6):838. doi: 10.3390/v16060838.

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the most impactful events in our lifetime, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants were reported globally, and a wide range of symptoms existed. Individuals who contract COVID-19 continue to suffer for a long time, known as long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). While COVID-19 vaccines were widely deployed, both unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals experienced long-term complications. To date, there are no treatments to eradicate long COVID. We recently conceived a new approach to treat COVID in which a 15-amino-acid synthetic peptide (SPIKENET, SPK) is targeted to the ACE2 receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, which prevents the virus from attaching to the host. We also found that SPK precludes the binding of spike glycoproteins with the receptor carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) of a coronavirus, murine hepatitis virus-1 (MHV-1), and with all SARS-CoV-2 variants. Further, SPK reversed the development of severe inflammation, oxidative stress, tissue edema, and animal death post-MHV-1 infection in mice. SPK also protects against multiple organ damage in acute and long-term post-MHV-1 infection. Our findings collectively suggest a potential therapeutic benefit of SPK for treating COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; SPIKENET; long COVID; molecular mechanism; multiorgan dysfunction; therapy.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use
  • COVID-19 Drug Treatment
  • COVID-19* / therapy
  • COVID-19* / virology
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Peptides / therapeutic use
  • Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
  • SARS-CoV-2* / drug effects
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus* / genetics
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus* / metabolism

Substances

  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
  • spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
  • Peptides
  • Antiviral Agents