Symptom response and episodic disability of long COVID in people with spinal cord injury: A case-control study

PLoS One. 2024 Jun 28;19(6):e0304824. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304824. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a consequence of significant disability and health issues globally, and long COVID represents the symptoms of neuro-musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and respiratory complications.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the symptom responses and disease burden of long COVID in individuals with spinal cord injury.

Methods: This case-control study was conducted on patients with SCI residing at a specialised rehabilitation centre in Bangladesh. Forty patients with SCI with and without long COVID symptoms (LCS) were enrolled in this study at a 1:1 ratio according to WHO criteria.

Result: Twelve LCS were observed in patients with SCI, including fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, memory loss, headache, respiratory problems, anxiety, depression, insomnia, problem in ADL problem in work, palpitation, and weakness. The predictors of developing long COVID include increasing age (p<0.002), increasing BMI (p<0.03), and longer duration of spinal cord injury (p<0.004). A significant difference (p<0.01) in overall years of healthy life lost due to disability (YLD) for non-long COVID cases was 2.04±0.596 compared to long COVID (LC) cases 1.22±2.09 was observed.

Conclusion: Bangladeshi patients of SCI presented 12 long COVID symptoms and have a significant disease burden compared to non long COVID cases.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Bangladesh / epidemiology
  • COVID-19* / complications
  • COVID-19* / epidemiology
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Disabled Persons*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
  • SARS-CoV-2 / isolation & purification
  • Spinal Cord Injuries* / complications
  • Spinal Cord Injuries* / epidemiology

Grants and funding

This study was partially funded by the People's Republic of Bangladesh's University Grants Commission as a part of a Doctoral grant from Jashore University of Science and Technology. [Grant No.: 21-FoHS-01] The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.