1 Center for Bioethics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
2 Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
3 Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Institute of Human Values in Health Care, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.