Ultrasound-Activated PROTAC Prodrugs Overcome Immunosuppression to Actuate Efficient Deep-Tissue Sono-Immunotherapy in Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumor Mouse Models

Nano Lett. 2024 Jul 17;24(28):8741-8751. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02287. Epub 2024 Jul 2.

Abstract

The degradation of oncoproteins mediated by proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) has emerged as a potent strategy in cancer therapy. However, the clinical application of PROTACs is hampered by challenges such as poor water solubility and off-target adverse effects. Herein, we present an ultrasound (US)-activatable PROTAC prodrug termed NPCe6+PRO for actuating efficient sono-immunotherapy in a spatiotemporally controllable manner. Specifically, US irradiation, which exhibits deep-tissue penetration capability, results in Ce6-mediated generation of ROS, facilitating sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). Simultaneously, the generated ROS cleaves the thioketal (TK) linker through a ROS-responsive mechanism, realizing the on-demand activation of the PROTAC prodrug in deep tissues. This prodrug activation results in the degradation of the target protein BRD4, while simultaneously reversing the upregulation of PD-L1 expression associated with the SDT process. In the orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic tumors, NPCe6+PRO effectively suppressed tumor growth in conjunction with US stimulation.

Keywords: BRD4; Immunogenic Cell Death; PD-L1; PROTAC; Sonodynamic therapy.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • B7-H1 Antigen
  • Bromodomain Containing Proteins
  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Humans
  • Immunotherapy*
  • Mice
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms* / drug therapy
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms* / immunology
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms* / therapy
  • Prodrugs* / chemistry
  • Prodrugs* / pharmacology
  • Prodrugs* / therapeutic use
  • Proteolysis / drug effects
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
  • Transcription Factors
  • Ultrasonic Therapy / methods

Substances

  • Prodrugs
  • B7-H1 Antigen
  • Transcription Factors
  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • BRD4 protein, human
  • Bromodomain Containing Proteins