Systemic Therapy for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers: Latest Advances

Curr Oncol Rep. 2024 Sep;26(9):1120-1133. doi: 10.1007/s11912-024-01570-1. Epub 2024 Jul 2.

Abstract

Purpose of review: This review provides an update on approved and emerging systemic therapies in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-melanoma skin cancers (squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, Merkel cell carcinoma).

Recent findings: Many studies demonstrate the effectiveness of immunotherapy for all types of non-melanoma skin cancer. For basal cell carcinoma (BCC), hedgehog inhibitors (HHI) remain first-line but with poor tolerability. Numerous clinical trials studying both neoadjuvant and adjuvant use of anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 therapies in advanced NMSC are under investigation. There is a growing number of systemic therapies available to treat non-melanoma skin cancers. The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized the field and greatly improved survival compared to historical survival rates with cytotoxic chemotherapy.

Keywords: Basal cell carcinoma; Immunotherapy; Merkel cell carcinoma; Neoadjuvant; Squamous cell carcinoma.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Carcinoma, Basal Cell* / drug therapy
  • Carcinoma, Basal Cell* / pathology
  • Carcinoma, Basal Cell* / therapy
  • Carcinoma, Merkel Cell / drug therapy
  • Carcinoma, Merkel Cell / pathology
  • Carcinoma, Merkel Cell / therapy
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / drug therapy
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / therapy
  • Humans
  • Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Immunotherapy / methods
  • Skin Neoplasms* / drug therapy
  • Skin Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Skin Neoplasms* / therapy

Substances

  • Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors