Effects of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation combined with inspiratory muscle training for treating respiratory sequelae of long COVID: A case series

Physiother Res Int. 2024 Jul;29(3):e2109. doi: 10.1002/pri.2109.

Abstract

Introduction: Long COVID occurs when numerous symptoms begin 3 weeks after acute infection and last for 12 months or more. High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) has been tested in patients with COVID-19; however, previous studies did not investigate the HD-tDCS use combined with inspiratory muscle training (IMT) for respiratory sequelae of long COVID.

Case presentation: Six individuals (four women and two men) aged between 29 and 71 years and presenting with respiratory sequelae of long COVID were included. They were submitted to an intervention that comprised HD-tDCS combined with IMT twice a week for 5 weeks. Lung function and respiratory muscle assessments were performed at baseline and after 5 weeks of intervention.

Implications on physiotherapy practice: HD-tDCS may enhance the IMT effects by increasing respiratory muscle strength, efficiency, and lung function of individuals with long COVID.

Keywords: high‐definition transcranial direct current; inspiratory muscle training; neuromodulation; non‐invasive brain stimulation; post‐COVID syndrome.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Breathing Exercises*
  • COVID-19*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Muscle Strength / physiology
  • Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome*
  • Respiratory Function Tests
  • Respiratory Muscles* / physiopathology
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation*
  • Treatment Outcome