HIV infection is one of the most acute problems of our time, characterized by slow development, prolonged course, and numerous clinical manifestations. Currently, there is a large number of drugs acting on different processes of human immunodeficiency virus replication, which constitute the group of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This article shows a theoretical review of modern HAART and analyzes the prescribed treatment regimens for patients with HIV infection. The study revealed two most common combinations: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors + protease inhibitors; nucleoside + non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.