Viola yedoensis Makino alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal oxidative stress and inflammatory response by regulating the gut microbiota and NF-κB-NLRP3/ Nrf2-MAPK signaling pathway in broiler

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Sep 1:282:116692. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116692. Epub 2024 Jul 5.

Abstract

Viola yedoensis Makino (Vy) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine widely used to treat inflammatory diseases. However, the regulatory effects of dietary Vy supplementation on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal damage in broilers and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, broilers were intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg/kg LPS on days 17, 19 and 21 to induce intestinal damage. Vy supplementation at 0.5, 1.5 and 4.5 % in the diet was administered separately for 21 days to investigate the potential protective effects of Vy supplementation against LPS-induced intestinal impairment in broilers. Vy supplementation improved intestinal morphology and restored growth performance. Vy supplementation attenuated intestinal inflammation by regulating the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) / NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway and inhibited its downstream pro-inflammatory factor levels. In addition, Vy supplementation relieved intestinal oxidative impairment by regulating the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) / mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and downstream antioxidant enzyme activity. Vy supplementation reduced LPS-induced mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. Furthermore, Vy supplementation alleviated LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage in chickens by increasing the abundance of protective bacteria (Lactobacillus and Romboutsia) and reducing the number of pathogenic bacteria (unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae, unclassified_f_Oscillospiraceae and norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadinBB60_group). Overall, Vy supplementation effectively ameliorated LPS-induced intestinal damage by regulating the NF-κB-NLRP3/Nrf2-MAPK signaling pathway and maintaining intestinal microbiota balance. Vy supplementation can be used as a dietary supplement to protect broilers against intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage.

Keywords: Broiler; Gut microbiota; Inflammation; Oxidative stress; Viola yedoensis Makino.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Chickens*
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Drugs, Chinese Herbal / pharmacology
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome* / drug effects
  • Inflammation* / chemically induced
  • Inflammation* / drug therapy
  • Intestines* / drug effects
  • Intestines* / pathology
  • Lipopolysaccharides* / toxicity
  • MAP Kinase Signaling System / drug effects
  • Male
  • NF-E2-Related Factor 2* / metabolism
  • NF-kappa B* / metabolism
  • NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein / metabolism
  • Oxidative Stress* / drug effects
  • Signal Transduction* / drug effects

Substances

  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • NF-kappa B
  • NF-E2-Related Factor 2
  • NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein
  • Drugs, Chinese Herbal