Acetylsalicylic Acid with Ascorbate: A Promising Combination Therapy for Solid Tumors

Drugs R D. 2024 Jun;24(2):303-316. doi: 10.1007/s40268-024-00479-1. Epub 2024 Jul 16.

Abstract

Background and objective: Cancer is a deadly disease with high mortality rates in developing countries. A recent preclinical study found promising results in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by combining acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and ascorbate (AS), which might offer a safer alternative to expensive clinical chemotherapeutics; however, the impact of this combination on other tumors remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of combining ASA and AS in treating Ehrlich solid tumors.

Methods: Eighty female Swiss albino mice were divided into eight groups (10 mice/group): four healthy groups (healthy, AS, ASA, and AS+ASA) and four groups with carcinoma (Ehrlich ascites carcinoma [EAC], EAC+AS, EAC+ASA, and EAC+AS+ASA). AS was injected intraperitoneally (4 g/kg) daily for 10 days, whereas ASA was ingested orally at 60 mg/kg/day for 10 days. Carcinoma was induced by subcutaneous injection of 1×106 EAC cells/mouse once. Treatment of carcinoma started after 10 days of tumor inoculation. Blood, livers, and tumors were obtained, and tumor weights, volumes, and levels of hemoglobin, aminotransferases, albumin, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, lipid profile, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, glutathione, catalase, total antioxidant capacity, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase were estimated. The percentage increase in lifespan was also assessed.

Results: Tumor treatment alleviated tumor burden. Tumor size was reduced, lifespan increased, organs (liver, kidney, and heart) functions adjusted, hemoglobin, lipid profile improved, and oxidative stress decreased. Combining ASA with AS showed more effective antitumor effects than only ASA or AS alone.

Conclusion: After more validation research, combining ASA with AS may provide benefit in cancer treatment.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / administration & dosage
  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / pharmacology
  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use
  • Antioxidants / administration & dosage
  • Antioxidants / pharmacology
  • Antioxidants / therapeutic use
  • Ascorbic Acid* / administration & dosage
  • Ascorbic Acid* / pharmacology
  • Ascorbic Acid* / therapeutic use
  • Aspirin* / administration & dosage
  • Aspirin* / pharmacology
  • Aspirin* / therapeutic use
  • Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor* / drug therapy
  • Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor* / pathology
  • Female
  • Mice

Substances

  • Aspirin
  • Ascorbic Acid
  • Antioxidants