Recent epidemiological studies have increasingly found that pregnant women who are exposed to air pollutants (for example airborne particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, ozone, and sulfur dioxide) increase the risk of various birth defects in their offspring, such as congenital heart disease, neural tube defects, cleft lip and palate, and hypospadias. Hypospadias not only impairs the sexual function of infants but also causes major social and psychological problems during their growth period, therefore, the prevention and treatment of hypospadias infant carry substantial public health importance. However, the association between prenatal exposure to air pollution and hypospadias remains controversial. The study reviews the epidemiological research progress and potential biological mechanisms of prenatal maternal exposure to air pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and the risk of hypospadias in offspring. The study also summarizes the limitations of previous research and looks forward to future research directions, to provide scientific evidence for creating a healthy living environment for pregnant women, and reducing the risk of hypospadias in offspring.
近年来，越来越多的流行病学研究显示，孕妇暴露于空气污染物（如空气颗粒物、氮氧化物、臭氧、二氧化硫等）增加子代先天性心脏病、神经管缺、唇腭裂以及尿道下裂等出生缺陷的发生风险。其中尿道下裂不仅会损害新生儿性功能，且在新生儿成长过程中带来严重的社会心理问题，因此，新生儿尿道下裂防治具有重大的公共卫生意义。然而，产前空气污染暴露与子代尿道下裂之间关联仍有争议。本文综述产前母体暴露于空气颗粒物、氮氧化物、臭氧、二氧化硫等空气污染物与子代尿道下裂的流行病学研究进展以及潜在的生物学机制，总结既往研究的局限性并展望未来研究方向，为孕产妇营造健康生活环境，降低子代尿道下裂发生风险提供科学依据。.