Lyme Disease Confirmatory Western Blot Is Redundant for Screen Negative Samples in Low Endemic Areas, British Columbia, Canada

Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2024 Dec;24(12):835-837. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2024.0042. Epub 2024 Jul 23.

Abstract

Background: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto is the causative agent of Lyme disease (LD). Possible early symptoms include flu-like symptoms and erythema migrans and later, the risk of disruption of the nervous system, joints, and heart. A two-tiered testing method is employed for serological diagnostics. The Public Health Agency of Canada guidelines recommend that samples tested negative on first-tiered test need not be confirmed by second-tiered test. Due to the challenging nature of diagnosis leading to misconceptions among physicians about false negatives, confirmatory testing is requested despite the initial negative result. Methods: Hundred screen-negative Lyme patient samples from 2007 to 2016 were tested by Western blot (WB) second-tiered confirmatory test upon physician's request in British Columbia to study the first-tiered screening test sufficiency. Results: Those negative for first-tiered enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were also negative by WB. Conclusion: Results demonstrate that confirmatory testing is not necessary on screen-negative samples. Hence, first-tiered test is sufficient to rule out LD.

Keywords: Lyme; enzyme immunoassay; western blot.

MeSH terms

  • Blotting, Western*
  • Borrelia burgdorferi / isolation & purification
  • British Columbia / epidemiology
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Humans
  • Lyme Disease* / diagnosis
  • Lyme Disease* / epidemiology