Over the past few decades, instrumentation and techniques for total knee arthroplasty have evolved from conventional manual tools to a wide range of technologies, including calibrated guides for accurate bone cuts and alignment, smart tools, dynamic intraoperative sensors for soft tissue balancing, patient-specific guides, computer navigation, and robotics. This review is intended to provide an overview of the latest advancements in total knee arthroplasty technology, address potential challenges and solutions related to the application of these technologies, and explore their limitations.
Keywords: alignment; augmented reality; computer-navigation; robotic total knee arthroplasty; robotics.
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