The Role of Electrocardiographic Exercise Testing for the Possibility of Permanent Pacemaker Implantation in Patients with Sinus Bradycardia

Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2024 Jul 22:20:341-350. doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S469311. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Objective: Study on the role of electrocardiographic (ECG) exercise testing for the possibility of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) in patients with sinus bradycardia (SB).

Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive, prospective study. The study on 60 patients with SB below 50 beats/minute on 12-lead electrocardiogram at rest, with or without symptoms of SB, conducted at the Vietnam National Heart Institute and Hanoi Heart Hospital from January 2020 to September 2021.

Results: Sixty patients with SB were studied, 36 male (60%) and 24 female patients (40%), p > 0.05. The average age was 55.12 ± 13.89 years old. Maximum exercise capacity (MEC) is low and only reaches 7.78 ± 3.59 metabolic equivalents (METs); Not reaching 85% of predicted MEC accounts for 53.5%; Maximum exercise time is 10.53 ± 0.46 minutes; Impaired heart rate (HR) variability in patients with SB is high: Chronotropic Index <0.8 accounts for 53.5%, not reaching 85% of predicted HR max accounts for 45%. The average HR max was 129.90 ± 29.22 beats per minute (BPM). The average maximum workload systolic blood pressure was 155.23 ± 20.59 mmHg. The average value of maximum exercise diastolic blood pressure was 88.10 ± 9.11 mmHg. The HR decreased by 27.87 ± 16.82 BPM in the first minute. Not achieving 85% of predicted MEC (p = 0.062), so it is not an independent factor predicting the ability for PPI. Only the HR variability index <0.8 is an independent predictor for PPI in bradycardic patients, which has OR = 21.521 (95% CI: 2.27-04.34, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Results can be seen that Chronotropic Index <0.8 is an important marker for physicians to decide on PPI in ECG during exercise testing in SB patients and is a potential prognostic factor for the need for PPI.

Keywords: PPI; exercise ECG testing; possibility of PPI; role.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Bradycardia* / diagnosis
  • Bradycardia* / physiopathology
  • Bradycardia* / therapy
  • Cardiac Pacing, Artificial*
  • Clinical Decision-Making
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Electrocardiography*
  • Exercise Test*
  • Exercise Tolerance*
  • Female
  • Heart Rate*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pacemaker, Artificial*
  • Predictive Value of Tests*
  • Prospective Studies
  • Time Factors

Grants and funding

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