Defining Key Features of Complex Coronary Lesions: An Evidence Based Review of Clinical Practice. Part I: Bifurcations, Left Main Disease, and Calcifications

Clinicians have long recognized that certain features of coronary artery lesions increase the complexity of intervention. Complex lesions are associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes and a higher risk of subsequent ischemic events. These lesions are categorized by their angiographic features. These features include bifurcation lesions, left main coronary artery disease, calcified lesions, in-stent restenosis, chronic total occlusions and graft interventions. This two-part review aims to highlight the current evidence in the percutaneous management of these lesions. Part one of this review focuses on the best techniques to treat bifurcation lesions, indications for intervention of left main coronary artery disease and additional tools used to treat calcified lesions.