Revisiting Compositional Accuracy of Carbides Using a Decreased Detector Efficiency in a LEAP 6000 XR Atom Probe Instrument

The accuracy of carbon composition measurement of carbide precipitates in steel or other alloys is limited by the evaporation characteristics of carbon and the performance of current detector systems. Carbon evaporates in a higher fraction as clustered ions leading to detector pile-up during so-called multiple hits. To achieve higher accuracy, a grid was positioned behind the local electrode, reducing the detection efficiency from 52 to 7% and thereby reducing the fraction of multi-hit events. This work confirms the preferential loss of carbon due to detector pile-up. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the newer generation of commercial atom probe instruments displays somewhat higher discrepancy of carbon composition than previous generations. The reason for this might be different laser-matter interaction leading to less metal ions in multi-hit events.