Pregnancy-associated pulmonary embolism (PE) is a type of venous thromboembolism (VTE) that seriously threatens the lives of pregnant women and has gained more attention in clinical practice. Due to physiological and anatomical characteristics, the incidence of VTE during pregnancy and postpartum is significantly higher than that during non-pregnancy periods. Currently, guidelines widely acknowledge the exploration of appropriate risk assessment models to evaluate the risk of pregnancy-associated VTE and to take corresponding preventive measures from mechanical to medication methods according to different risk levels. For patients suspected of PE, initial assessments can be made based on whether they exhibit clinical manifestations of deep vein thrombosis, with options including vascular compression ultrasonography or chest X-ray examination. Confirmation relies on CT pulmonary angiography or V/Q imaging. For patients with shock, echocardiography can be quickly used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PE. The management of pregnancy-associated pulmonary embolism PE depends on the patient's hemodynamic status, with options including reperfusion therapy or anticoagulation therapy. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may also be beneficial in high risk patients. The overall evidence level for the prevention and management of pregnancy-associated PE is low, and further exploration in clinical practice is still needed to promote the safety of pregnant women.
妊娠相关肺栓塞（PE）是静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）的一种，严重威胁孕产妇生命安全，在临床上日益得到重视。妊娠期和产褥期由于生理和解剖的特点，VTE发生率显著高于非孕期，应对所有孕妇在妊娠期和分娩后采用合适的风险评估工具进行VTE风险评估，并根据不同风险级别采取对应的血栓预防措施，包括物理方法和药物方法。对临床疑诊妊娠相关PE的患者，可根据是否具有深静脉血栓的临床表现选择血管加压超声或胸部X线检查做初步检查，最终确诊依赖CT肺动脉造影或V/Q显像，对于休克的患者，超声心动图可快速用于PE的诊断和鉴别诊断。一旦诊断妊娠相关PE，其治疗根据患者血流动力学是否稳定选择再灌注治疗或抗凝治疗，体外膜氧合（ECMO）在危重患者中也可作为有益探索。妊娠期防治PE的推荐总体循证级别不高，仍需进一步临床实践探索来促进孕产妇的安全。.