1 Department of Biochemistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Muhimbili Sickle Cell Programme, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
2 Muhimbili Sickle Cell Programme, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
3 University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe.
4 College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampla, Uganda.
5 Centre de Recherche et Lutte contre la Drépanocytose, Bamako, Mali.
6 Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.
7 Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Centre of Excellence for Sickle Cell Disease Research and Training, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
8 McKusick-Nathans Institute and Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
9 Muhimbili Sickle Cell Programme, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Physiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
10 Muhimbili Sickle Cell Programme, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.