The "Forgotten" Subtypes of Breast Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of Selected Histological Variants Not Included or Not Recognized as Distinct Entities in the Current World Health Organization Classification of Breast Tumors

Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Aug 1;25(15):8382. doi: 10.3390/ijms25158382.

Abstract

Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer in women. Nineteen different subtypes of breast carcinomas are recognized in the current WHO classification of breast tumors. Except for these subtypes, there are a number of carcinomas with special morphologic and immunohistochemical features that are not included in the 5th WHO classification, while others are considered special morphologic patterns of invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. In this manuscript, we systematically review the literature on four different subtypes of invasive breast carcinoma, namely lymphoepithelioma-like breast carcinoma, breast carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells, signet-ring breast carcinoma, and metaplastic breast carcinoma with melanocytic differentiation. We describe their clinicopathological characteristics, focusing on the differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Keywords: breast carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells; lymphoepithelioma-like breast carcinoma; lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma; metaplastic carcinoma; metaplastic carcinoma with melanocytic differentiation; signet-ring cell carcinoma.

Publication types

  • Systematic Review
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Breast Neoplasms* / classification
  • Breast Neoplasms* / diagnosis
  • Breast Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Prognosis
  • World Health Organization*

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding.