Behçet's Disease (BD) is an intricate medical puzzle, captivating researchers with its enigmatic pathogenesis. This complex ailment, distinguished by recurrent mouth and genital lesions, eye irritation, and skin injuries, presents a substantial obstacle to therapeutic research. This review explores the complex interaction of microRNAs (miRNAs) with BD, highlighting their crucial involvement in the disease's pathophysiology. miRNAs, recognized for regulatory influence in diverse biological processes, hold a pivotal position in the molecular mechanisms of autoimmune diseases, such as BD. The exploration begins with examining miRNA biogenic pathways and functions, establishing a foundational understanding of their regulatory mechanisms. Shifting to the molecular landscape governing BD, the review highlights miRNA-mediated impacts on critical signaling pathways like Notch, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), offering insights into intricate pathophysiological mechanisms. Dissecting the immunological landscape reveals the profound influence of miRNAs on BD, shedding light on the intricate modulation of immune responses and offering novel perspectives on disease etiology and progression. Beyond molecular intricacies, the review explores the clinical relevance of miRNAs in BD, emphasizing their potential as diagnostic and prognostic indicators. The discussion extends to the promising realm of miRNA-based therapeutic interventions, highlighting their potential in alleviating symptoms and altering disease progression. This comprehensive review, serving as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and stakeholders, aims to decipher the intricate molecular tapestry of BD and explore the therapeutic potential of miRNAs.
Keywords: Autoimmune diseases; Behçet's disease; Immunological landscape; Pathophysiology; Therapeutic interventions; miRNAs.
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