Sequence typing of Haemophilus ducreyi isolated from patients in the Namatanai region of Papua New Guinea: Infections by Class I and Class II strain types differ in ulcer duration and resurgence of infection after azithromycin treatment

PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2024 Aug 15;18(8):e0012398. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012398. eCollection 2024 Aug.

Abstract

Haemophilus ducreyi (HD) is an important cause of cutaneous ulcers in several endemic regions, including the Western Pacific Region, especially among children. An HD sequence typing on swab samples taken from 1,081 ulcers in the Namatanai district of Papua New Guinea, during the pilot study for treatment of yaws, has been performed using the Grant typing system. Of the 363 samples that tested positive for the 16S rDNA of HD, the dsrA sequences of 270 samples were determined. Altogether they revealed 8 HD strain types circulating in Namatanai, including seven strain types of Class I (I.3, I.4, I.5, I.9, I.10, I.11, I.12) and one strain of Class II (II.3); four Class I types (I.9, I.10, I.11, I.12) were novel. The southern region of Namatanai (Matalai Rural) was identified as the region with the lowest genotype diversity and with most infections caused by HD Class II. The middle and northern subdistricts were affected mainly by HD Class I. Analysis of patient characteristics revealed that Class II HD infections were more often represented by longer-lasting ulcers than Class I HD infections. An increase in the prevalence of the I.10 strain was found after azithromycin administration compared to the untreated population at baseline likely reflecting higher infectivity of HD Class I, and more specifically strain type I.10.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / pharmacology
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / therapeutic use
  • Azithromycin* / therapeutic use
  • Chancroid* / drug therapy
  • Chancroid* / epidemiology
  • Chancroid* / microbiology
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • DNA, Bacterial / genetics
  • Female
  • Genotype*
  • Haemophilus ducreyi* / drug effects
  • Haemophilus ducreyi* / genetics
  • Haemophilus ducreyi* / isolation & purification
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Papua New Guinea / epidemiology
  • Phylogeny
  • Pilot Projects
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / genetics
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA
  • Yaws / drug therapy
  • Yaws / epidemiology
  • Yaws / microbiology
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Azithromycin
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
  • DNA, Bacterial

Grants and funding

National Institute of Virology and Bacteriology (Programme EXCELES, ID Project No. LX22NPO5103, Funded by the European Union - Next Generation EU) to DŠ (MM, PP and DS received salary from this funder). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.