Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) in cases of febrile respiratory syndrome in China from 2010 to 2020. Methods: Based on the sub-project of the National Science and Technology Major Project for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control "Infectious Disease Monitoring Technology Platform", active monitoring of febrile respiratory syndrome cases was conducted in sentinel hospitals in 31 provinces across China (excluding Hong Kong, Macau, and Chinese Taiwan) from January 2010 to December 2020, resulting in the inclusion of 191 441 cases. Clinical specimens of monitored cases were screened for HRSV nucleic acid, and the differences in HRSV detection rates among different age groups, regions, and time periods were analyzed using the χ2 test/Fisher exact probability method. Results: Among the 191 441 cases of febrile respiratory syndrome in China from 2010 to 2020, the age group M (Q1, Q3) was 9 (2, 40) years old, with 83 773 cases (43.8%) in the <5 years old group. There were 113 660 males, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.5∶1.0. There were as many as 105 508 cases (55.2%) of scattered children and preschool children. About 70 565 cases (36.9%) lived in the northern region. There were 13 858 HRSV positive cases, with a total positive rate of 7.2%. The positive rate of HRSV detection in the northern population was 5.7% (4 004/70 565), which was lower than that in the southern population (8.2%, 9 854/120 876), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=407.4, P<0.001). HRSV was detected in all age groups, with the highest positive rate of 23.9% in the <6 months age group. The month with the highest positive rate was December, and autumn and winter were the main epidemic seasons. Both northern and southern HRSV subtypes were mainly infected with type A, with a low proportion of mixed infections of type A and type B. Conclusion: HRSV is a common pathogen causing respiratory infections in children from 2010 to 2020. It can be detected throughout the year and shows the main peak of prevalence in autumn and winter. The HRSV strain is mainly classified as a type A infection.
目的： 分析2010—2020年中国发热呼吸道症候群病例中人呼吸道合胞病毒（HRSV）的流行特征。 方法： 依托传染病防治国家科技重大专项“传染病监测技术平台”的子项目，于2010年1月至2020年12月在全国31个省份（不包括中国香港、澳门和台湾地区）选择哨点医院对发热呼吸道症候群病例进行了主动监测，最终纳入191 441例病例。监测病例的临床标本进行了HRSV核酸筛查，并采用χ2检验/Fisher确切概率法分析不同年龄组、不同地区和不同时间病例的HRSV检出率差异。 结果： 2010—2020年中国发热呼吸道症候群191 441例病例中，年龄M（Q1，Q3）为9（2，40）岁，<5岁组83 773例（43.8%）；男性113 660例，男女比例为1.5∶1.0；散居儿童和托幼儿童病例高达105 508例（55.2%）；北方地区70 565例（36.9%）。HRSV阳性病例13 858例，总阳性率为7.2%。北方HRSV检出的阳性率为5.7%（4 004/70 565），低于南方人群HRSV检出的阳性率（8.2%，9 854/120 876），差异具有统计学意义（χ2=407.4，P<0.001）。HRSV在各年龄组均有检出，其中<6月龄组阳性率最高为23.9%。阳性率最高的月份为12月，秋冬季是主要流行季节。北方、南方HRSV分型均以A型感染为主，A/B型混合感染比例低。 结论： 2010—2020年HRSV是引起儿童呼吸道感染的常见病原体；全年均可检出，并呈现出秋冬季为主要流行高峰；HRSV毒株分型以A型感染为主。.