Observation of Strong Nuclear Suppression in Exclusive J/ψ Photoproduction in Au+Au Ultraperipheral Collisions at RHIC

M I Abdulhamid; B E Aboona; J Adam; L Adamczyk; J R Adams; I Aggarwal; M M Aggarwal; Z Ahammed; E C Aschenauer; S Aslam; J Atchison; V Bairathi; J G Ball Cap; K Barish; R Bellwied; P Bhagat; A Bhasin; S Bhatta; S R Bhosale; J Bielcik; J Bielcikova; J D Brandenburg; C Broodo; X Z Cai; H Caines; M Calderón de la Barca Sánchez; D Cebra; J Ceska; I Chakaberia; P Chaloupka; B K Chan; Z Chang; A Chatterjee; D Chen; J Chen; J H Chen; Z Chen; J Cheng; Y Cheng; S Choudhury; W Christie; X Chu; H J Crawford; M Csanád; G Dale-Gau; A Das; I M Deppner; A Dhamija; P Dixit; X Dong; J L Drachenberg; E Duckworth; J C Dunlop; J Engelage; G Eppley; S Esumi; O Evdokimov; O Eyser; R Fatemi; S Fazio; C J Feng; Y Feng; E Finch; Y Fisyak; F A Flor; C Fu; C A Gagliardi; T Galatyuk; T Gao; F Geurts; N Ghimire; A Gibson; K Gopal; X Gou; D Grosnick; A Gupta; W Guryn; A Hamed; Y Han; S Harabasz; M D Harasty; J W Harris; H Harrison-Smith; W He; X H He; Y He; N Herrmann; L Holub; C Hu; Q Hu; Y Hu; H Huang; H Z Huang; S L Huang; T Huang; X Huang; Y Huang; Y Huang; T J Humanic; M Isshiki; W W Jacobs; A Jalotra; C Jena; A Jentsch; Y Ji; J Jia; C Jin; X Ju; E G Judd; S Kabana; D Kalinkin; K Kang; D Kapukchyan; K Kauder; D Keane; A Khanal; Y V Khyzhniak; D P Kikoła; D Kincses; I Kisel; A Kiselev; A G Knospe; H S Ko; L K Kosarzewski; L Kumar; M C Labonte; R Lacey; J M Landgraf; J Lauret; A Lebedev; J H Lee; Y H Leung; N Lewis; C Li; D Li; H-S Li; H Li; W Li; X Li; Y Li; Y Li; Z Li; X Liang; Y Liang; R Licenik; T Lin; Y Lin; M A Lisa; C Liu; G Liu; H Liu; L Liu; T Liu; X Liu; Y Liu; Z Liu; T Ljubicic; O Lomicky; R S Longacre; E M Loyd; T Lu; J Luo; X F Luo; L Ma; R Ma; Y G Ma; N Magdy; D Mallick; R Manikandhan; S Margetis; C Markert; G McNamara; O Mezhanska; K Mi; S Mioduszewski; B Mohanty; M M Mondal; I Mooney; J Mrazkova; M I Nagy; A S Nain; J D Nam; M Nasim; D Neff; J M Nelson; D B Nemes; M Nie; G Nigmatkulov; T Niida; T Nonaka; G Odyniec; A Ogawa; S Oh; K Okubo; B S Page; R Pak; S Pal; A Pandav; A K Pandey; T Pani; A Paul; B Pawlik; D Pawlowska; C Perkins; J Pluta; B R Pokhrel; M Posik; T Protzman; V Prozorova; N K Pruthi; M Przybycien; J Putschke; Z Qin; H Qiu; C Racz; S K Radhakrishnan; A Rana; R L Ray; R Reed; C W Robertson; M Robotkova; M A Rosales Aguilar; D Roy; P Roy Chowdhury; L Ruan; A K Sahoo; N R Sahoo; H Sako; S Salur; S Sato; B C Schaefer; W B Schmidke; N Schmitz; F-J Seck; J Seger; R Seto; P Seyboth; N Shah; P V Shanmuganathan; T Shao; M Sharma; N Sharma; R Sharma; S R Sharma; A I Sheikh; D Shen; D Y Shen; K Shen; S S Shi; Y Shi; Q Y Shou; F Si; J Singh; S Singha; P Sinha; M J Skoby; N Smirnov; Y Söhngen; Y Song; B Srivastava; T D S Stanislaus; M Stefaniak; D J Stewart; Y Su; M Sumbera; C Sun; X Sun; Y Sun; Y Sun; B Surrow; M Svoboda; Z W Sweger; A C Tamis; A H Tang; Z Tang; T Tarnowsky; J H Thomas; A R Timmins; D Tlusty; T Todoroki; S Trentalange; P Tribedy; S K Tripathy; T Truhlar; B A Trzeciak; O D Tsai; C Y Tsang; Z Tu; J Tyler; T Ullrich; D G Underwood; I Upsal; G Van Buren; J Vanek; I Vassiliev; V Verkest; F Videbæk; S A Voloshin; F Wang; G Wang; J S Wang; J Wang; K Wang; X Wang; Y Wang; Y Wang; Y Wang; Z Wang; J C Webb; P C Weidenkaff; G D Westfall; D Wielanek; H Wieman; G Wilks; S W Wissink; R Witt; J Wu; J Wu; X Wu; X Wu; B Xi; Z G Xiao; G Xie; W Xie; H Xu; N Xu; Q H Xu; Y Xu; Y Xu; Z Xu; Z Xu; G Yan; Z Yan; C Yang; Q Yang; S Yang; Y Yang; Z Ye; Z Ye; L Yi; K Yip; Y Yu; H Zbroszczyk; W Zha; C Zhang; D Zhang; J Zhang; S Zhang; W Zhang; X Zhang; Y Zhang; Y Zhang; Y Zhang; Y Zhang; Z J Zhang; Z Zhang; Z Zhang; F Zhao; J Zhao; M Zhao; J Zhou; S Zhou; Y Zhou; X Zhu; M Zurek; M Zyzak; STAR Collaboration

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.052301

Observation of Strong Nuclear Suppression in Exclusive J/ψ Photoproduction in Au+Au Ultraperipheral Collisions at RHIC

Phys Rev Lett. 2024 Aug 2;133(5):052301. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.052301.

Authors

M I Abdulhamid¹, B E Aboona², J Adam³, L Adamczyk⁴, J R Adams⁵, I Aggarwal⁶, M M Aggarwal⁶, Z Ahammed⁷, E C Aschenauer⁸, S Aslam⁹, J Atchison¹⁰, V Bairathi¹¹, J G Ball Cap¹², K Barish¹³, R Bellwied¹², P Bhagat¹⁴, A Bhasin¹⁴, S Bhatta¹⁵, S R Bhosale¹⁶, J Bielcik³, J Bielcikova¹⁷, J D Brandenburg⁵, C Broodo¹², X Z Cai¹⁸, H Caines¹⁹, M Calderón de la Barca Sánchez²⁰, D Cebra²⁰, J Ceska³, I Chakaberia²¹, P Chaloupka³, B K Chan²², Z Chang²³, A Chatterjee²⁴, D Chen¹³, J Chen²⁵, J H Chen²⁶, Z Chen²⁵, J Cheng²⁷, Y Cheng²², S Choudhury²⁶, W Christie⁸, X Chu⁸, H J Crawford²⁸, M Csanád¹⁶, G Dale-Gau²⁹, A Das³, I M Deppner³⁰, A Dhamija⁶, P Dixit³¹, X Dong²¹, J L Drachenberg¹⁰, E Duckworth³², J C Dunlop⁸, J Engelage²⁸, G Eppley³³, S Esumi³⁴, O Evdokimov²⁹, O Eyser⁸, R Fatemi³⁵, S Fazio³⁶, C J Feng³⁷, Y Feng³⁸, E Finch³⁹, Y Fisyak⁸, F A Flor¹⁹, C Fu⁴⁰, C A Gagliardi², T Galatyuk⁴¹, T Gao²⁵, F Geurts³³, N Ghimire⁴², A Gibson⁴³, K Gopal⁴⁴, X Gou²⁵, D Grosnick⁴³, A Gupta¹⁴, W Guryn⁸, A Hamed¹, Y Han³³, S Harabasz⁴¹, M D Harasty²⁰, J W Harris¹⁹, H Harrison-Smith³⁵, W He²⁶, X H He⁴⁰, Y He²⁵, N Herrmann³⁰, L Holub³, C Hu⁴⁵, Q Hu⁴⁰, Y Hu²¹, H Huang³⁷, H Z Huang²², S L Huang¹⁵, T Huang²⁹, X Huang²⁷, Y Huang²⁷, Y Huang⁴⁶, T J Humanic⁵, M Isshiki³⁴, W W Jacobs²³, A Jalotra¹⁴, C Jena⁴⁴, A Jentsch⁸, Y Ji²¹, J Jia^{8

15}, C Jin³³, X Ju⁴⁷, E G Judd²⁸, S Kabana¹¹, D Kalinkin³⁵, K Kang²⁷, D Kapukchyan¹³, K Kauder⁸, D Keane³², A Khanal⁴⁸, Y V Khyzhniak⁵, D P Kikoła⁴⁹, D Kincses¹⁶, I Kisel⁵⁰, A Kiselev⁸, A G Knospe⁵¹, H S Ko²¹, L K Kosarzewski⁵, L Kumar⁶, M C Labonte²⁰, R Lacey¹⁵, J M Landgraf⁸, J Lauret⁸, A Lebedev⁸, J H Lee⁸, Y H Leung³⁰, N Lewis⁸, C Li²⁵, D Li⁴⁷, H-S Li³⁸, H Li⁵², W Li³³, X Li⁴⁷, Y Li⁴⁷, Y Li²⁷, Z Li⁴⁷, X Liang¹³, Y Liang³², R Licenik^{3

17}, T Lin²⁵, Y Lin⁵³, M A Lisa⁵, C Liu⁴⁰, G Liu⁵⁴, H Liu⁴⁶, L Liu⁴⁶, T Liu¹⁹, X Liu⁵, Y Liu², Z Liu⁴⁶, T Ljubicic³³, O Lomicky³, R S Longacre⁸, E M Loyd¹³, T Lu⁴⁰, J Luo⁴⁷, X F Luo⁴⁶, L Ma²⁶, R Ma⁸, Y G Ma²⁶, N Magdy¹⁵, D Mallick⁴⁹, R Manikandhan¹², S Margetis³², C Markert⁵⁵, G McNamara⁴⁸, O Mezhanska³, K Mi⁴⁶, S Mioduszewski², B Mohanty⁵⁶, M M Mondal⁵⁶, I Mooney¹⁹, J Mrazkova^{3

17}, M I Nagy¹⁶, A S Nain⁶, J D Nam⁴², M Nasim³¹, D Neff²², J M Nelson²⁸, D B Nemes¹⁹, M Nie²⁵, G Nigmatkulov²⁹, T Niida³⁴, T Nonaka³⁴, G Odyniec²¹, A Ogawa⁸, S Oh⁵⁷, K Okubo³⁴, B S Page⁸, R Pak⁸, S Pal³, A Pandav²¹, A K Pandey⁴⁰, T Pani⁵⁸, A Paul¹³, B Pawlik⁵⁹, D Pawlowska⁴⁹, C Perkins²⁸, J Pluta⁴⁹, B R Pokhrel⁴², M Posik⁴², T Protzman⁵¹, V Prozorova³, N K Pruthi⁶, M Przybycien⁴, J Putschke⁴⁸, Z Qin²⁷, H Qiu⁴⁰, C Racz¹³, S K Radhakrishnan³², A Rana⁶, R L Ray⁵⁵, R Reed⁵¹, C W Robertson³⁸, M Robotkova^{3

17}, M A Rosales Aguilar³⁵, D Roy⁵⁸, P Roy Chowdhury⁴⁹, L Ruan⁸, A K Sahoo³¹, N R Sahoo⁴⁴, H Sako³⁴, S Salur⁵⁸, S Sato³⁴, B C Schaefer⁵¹, W B Schmidke⁸, N Schmitz⁶⁰, F-J Seck⁴¹, J Seger⁶¹, R Seto¹³, P Seyboth⁶⁰, N Shah⁹, P V Shanmuganathan⁸, T Shao²⁶, M Sharma¹⁴, N Sharma³¹, R Sharma⁴⁴, S R Sharma⁴⁴, A I Sheikh³², D Shen²⁵, D Y Shen²⁶, K Shen⁴⁷, S S Shi⁴⁶, Y Shi²⁵, Q Y Shou²⁶, F Si⁴⁷, J Singh⁶, S Singha⁴⁰, P Sinha⁴⁴, M J Skoby^{62

38}, N Smirnov¹⁹, Y Söhngen³⁰, Y Song¹⁹, B Srivastava³⁸, T D S Stanislaus⁴³, M Stefaniak⁵, D J Stewart⁴⁸, Y Su⁴⁷, M Sumbera¹⁷, C Sun¹⁵, X Sun⁴⁰, Y Sun⁴⁷, Y Sun⁶³, B Surrow⁴², M Svoboda^{3

17}, Z W Sweger²⁰, A C Tamis¹⁹, A H Tang⁸, Z Tang⁴⁷, T Tarnowsky⁶⁴, J H Thomas²¹, A R Timmins¹², D Tlusty⁶¹, T Todoroki³⁴, S Trentalange²², P Tribedy⁸, S K Tripathy⁴⁹, T Truhlar³, B A Trzeciak³, O D Tsai^{8

22}, C Y Tsang^{8

32}, Z Tu⁸, J Tyler², T Ullrich⁸, D G Underwood^{65

43}, I Upsal⁴⁷, G Van Buren⁸, J Vanek⁸, I Vassiliev⁵⁰, V Verkest⁴⁸, F Videbæk⁸, S A Voloshin⁴⁸, F Wang³⁸, G Wang²², J S Wang⁶³, J Wang²⁵, K Wang⁴⁷, X Wang²⁵, Y Wang⁴⁷, Y Wang⁴⁶, Y Wang²⁷, Z Wang²⁵, J C Webb⁸, P C Weidenkaff³⁰, G D Westfall⁶⁴, D Wielanek⁴⁹, H Wieman²¹, G Wilks²⁹, S W Wissink²³, R Witt⁶⁶, J Wu⁴⁶, J Wu⁴⁰, X Wu²², X Wu⁴⁷, B Xi²⁶, Z G Xiao²⁷, G Xie⁴⁵, W Xie³⁸, H Xu⁶³, N Xu²¹, Q H Xu²⁵, Y Xu²⁵, Y Xu⁴⁶, Z Xu³², Z Xu²², G Yan²⁵, Z Yan¹⁵, C Yang²⁵, Q Yang²⁵, S Yang⁵⁴, Y Yang³⁷, Z Ye³³, Z Ye²¹, L Yi²⁵, K Yip⁸, Y Yu²⁵, H Zbroszczyk⁴⁹, W Zha⁴⁷, C Zhang²⁶, D Zhang⁵⁴, J Zhang²⁵, S Zhang⁶⁷, W Zhang⁵⁴, X Zhang⁴⁰, Y Zhang⁴⁰, Y Zhang⁴⁷, Y Zhang²⁵, Y Zhang⁴⁶, Z J Zhang³⁷, Z Zhang⁸, Z Zhang²⁹, F Zhao⁴⁰, J Zhao²⁶, M Zhao⁸, J Zhou⁴⁷, S Zhou⁴⁶, Y Zhou⁴⁶, X Zhu²⁷, M Zurek^{65

8}, M Zyzak⁵⁰; STAR Collaboration

Affiliations

¹ American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt.
² Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.
³ Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.
⁴ AGH University of Krakow, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland.
⁵ The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.
⁶ Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
⁷ Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.
⁸ <a href="https://ror.org/02ex6cf31">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a>, Upton, New York 11973.
⁹ Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India.
¹⁰ Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699.
¹¹ Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile.
¹² University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204.
¹³ University of California, Riverside, California 92521.
¹⁴ University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India.
¹⁵ State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.
¹⁶ ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117.
¹⁷ Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.
¹⁸ Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800.
¹⁹ Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.
²⁰ University of California, Davis, California 95616.
²¹ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.
²² University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.
²³ Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408.
²⁴ National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur-713209, India.
²⁵ Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.
²⁶ Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433.
²⁷ Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.
²⁸ University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.
²⁹ University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607.
³⁰ University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
³¹ Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India.
³² Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.
³³ Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.
³⁴ University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
³⁵ University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055.
³⁶ University of Calabria & INFN-Cosenza, Rende 87036, Italy.
³⁷ National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101.
³⁸ Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.
³⁹ Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515.
⁴⁰ Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.
⁴¹ Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany.
⁴² Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122.
⁴³ Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383.
⁴⁴ Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.
⁴⁵ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408.
⁴⁶ Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.
⁴⁷ University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.
⁴⁸ Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.
⁴⁹ Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.
⁵⁰ Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.
⁵¹ Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015.
⁵² Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065.
⁵³ Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004.
⁵⁴ South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631.
⁵⁵ University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712.
⁵⁶ National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India.
⁵⁷ Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
⁵⁸ Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854.
⁵⁹ Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland.
⁶⁰ Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany.
⁶¹ Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178.
⁶² Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, 47306.
⁶³ Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000.
⁶⁴ Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824.
⁶⁵ Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439.
⁶⁶ United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402.
⁶⁷ Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331.

PMID: 39159117
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.052301

Abstract

We report a measurement of exclusive J/ψ and ψ(2s) photoproduction in Au+Au ultraperipheral collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV using the STAR detector. For the first time, (i) the ψ(2s) photoproduction in midrapidity at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider has been experimentally measured; (ii) nuclear suppression factors are measured for both the coherent and incoherent J/ψ production. At average photon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 25.0 GeV, the coherent and incoherent J/ψ cross sections of Au nuclei are found to be 71±10% and 36±7%, respectively, of that of free protons. The stronger suppression observed in the incoherent production provides a new experimental handle to study the initial-state parton density in heavy nuclei. Data are compared with theoretical models quantitatively.