Unveiling the impact of circulating tumor cells: Two decades of discovery and clinical advancements in solid tumors

Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2024 Nov:203:104483. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104483. Epub 2024 Aug 17.

Abstract

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) enumeration and molecular profiling hold promise in revolutionizing the management of solid tumors. Their understanding has evolved significantly over the past two decades, encompassing pivotal biological discoveries and clinical studies across various malignancies. While for some tumor types, such as breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer, CTCs are ready to enter clinical practice, for others, additional research is required. CTCs serve as versatile biomarkers, offering insights into tumor biology, metastatic progression, and treatment response. This review summarizes the latest advancements in CTC research and highlights future directions of investigation. Special attention is given to concurrent evaluations of CTCs and other circulating biomarkers, particularly circulating tumor DNA. Multi-analyte assessment holds the potential to unlock the full clinical capabilities of liquid biopsy. In conclusion, CTCs represent a transformative biomarker in precision oncology, offering extraordinary opportunities to translate scientific discoveries into tangible improvements in patient care.

Keywords: Cancer; Circulating tumor DNA; Circulating tumor cells; Liquid biopsy; Precision medicine; Prognosis; Solid tumors; Tumor biology.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Biomarkers, Tumor* / blood
  • Circulating Tumor DNA / blood
  • Circulating Tumor DNA / genetics
  • Humans
  • Liquid Biopsy / methods
  • Neoplasms* / blood
  • Neoplasms* / diagnosis
  • Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Neoplasms* / therapy
  • Neoplastic Cells, Circulating* / metabolism
  • Neoplastic Cells, Circulating* / pathology

Substances

  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Circulating Tumor DNA