Power of a Few Vagrant Words: Effects of Direct and Indirect Suggestions for Self-Representation in Art-Based Online Interventions

Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 2024 Oct-Dec;72(4):354-370. doi: 10.1080/00207144.2024.2388081. Epub 2024 Aug 21.

Abstract

This study compares two groups of university students with differing instructions participating in an object drawing task as a part of an art therapy-based self-help online intervention. The intervention aimed to help participants enhance positive mood and subjective feeling of self-control and reduce negative mood. The object task contained suggestive elements in the instructions similar to self-hypnosis with an indirect and a direct way of formulation. Quantitative (positive affect and negative affect scale and Self-Assessment Manikin scale) and qualitative methods (text and picture rating) were used to investigate the difference between the outcome effects on the two groups. The results found a significant decrease in negative mood for indirect suggestion, while a significant increase of positive mood for the direct suggestion condition. Based on qualitative analyses, findings indicated that hidden implications in the art-making instructions modified the chosen imaginary and emotional changes related to art-making. Suggestions in the instructions can make a difference in one's mood and this should also be considered while designing guidelines for self-hypnosis.

Keywords: Art making; instructions; online; qualitative and quantitative analysis; suggestions; visual and verbal feedback.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Affect
  • Art Therapy* / methods
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Internet-Based Intervention
  • Male
  • Young Adult