Diabetes Overtreatment and Hypoglycemia in Older Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Insulin Therapy: Insights From the HYPOAGE Cohort Study

Diabetes Care. 2025 Jan 1;48(1):61-66. doi: 10.2337/dc24-1058.

Abstract

Objective: To assess the accuracy of "diabetes overtreatment" proxy definitions in predicting hypoglycemia in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Research design and methods: Inclusion of patients from HYPOAGE cohort with insulin-treated T2D, aged ≥75 years, and using a continuous glycemic monitoring (CGM) device for 28 days. "Diabetes overtreatment" was defined as HbA1c <7.0% (fixed proxy definition) or as HbA1c <7.0%, 7.5%, and 8.0% according to patient's health status (individualized proxy definition). The primary outcome was time below range (TBR) ≥1%.

Results: Of the 134 patients included (81.6 ± 5.4 years, 59% male), 25 (19%) and 53 (40%) were overtreated, based on fixed and individualized proxy definitions, respectively. CGM data showed TBR >1% in nearly all patients regardless of overtreatment status. Both proxy definitions had low sensitivity (20% [14; 29] and 41% [32; 50]) and accuracy (27% [20; 35] and 44% [35; 53]) in predicting hypoglycemia.

Conclusions: A revised definition of diabetes overtreatment is needed to better manage older insulin-treated patients and protect them from hypoglycemia.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Blood Glucose / analysis
  • Blood Glucose / drug effects
  • Blood Glucose / metabolism
  • Cohort Studies
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / blood
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / drug therapy
  • Female
  • Glycated Hemoglobin / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemia* / chemically induced
  • Hypoglycemia* / epidemiology
  • Hypoglycemic Agents* / adverse effects
  • Hypoglycemic Agents* / therapeutic use
  • Insulin* / adverse effects
  • Insulin* / therapeutic use
  • Male
  • Overtreatment

Substances

  • Insulin
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Glycated Hemoglobin
  • Blood Glucose

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